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Arch Linux Easy Install
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Diccionario de psicologia en linea. Technology (Linux, Android etc.) Recent Technology Posts. Disclaimer: First things first! Be fore-warned that the steps outlined here will erase everything off of your computers’ hard drive. Proceed at your own risk, and only if you know what you’re doing, and indeed have every intention of achieving this objective. I will not be held responsible for any loss or damage of data and/or hardware that befalls you as a result of using this guide. This guide is primarily meant as an online repository (for me) to help me install Arch Linux from where ever or whenever, without having to go searching for all these instructions, each time. If it helps you as well, then great!
Pre-requisites:. Latest version of Arch Linux on a bootable CD (obtaining Arch Linux and creating the CD is not covered here). Laptop with the hard drive formatted and partitioned as required.
Arch Linux is one of my favorite Linux-based desktop OSes. I have written at length.
If you want an OS that gives you complete control over your computing, Arch Linux is the one. However, installing Arch Linux can be a daunting task. That's why I wrote this tutorial. My goal is to present the installation process in a manner that is easy to understand and follow. You might also want to read the for more in-depth information on Arch Linux. Getting ready for Arch Linux This tutorial is for a single-boot Arch Linux installation on BIOS with MBR (master boot record). The installation will wipe all data from your hard drive, so please make a backup.
I suggest using a dedicated SSD to install Arch Linux on your system, so that your data and OS are on separate physical storage devices. SSDs are much faster than traditional hard drives, and you can get a decent SSD for under $50. If your wireless card needs extra drivers, you should use an Ethernet cable for the installation process. Create USB of Arch Linux First, download the latest iso of Arch Linux from the. You can use the 'dd' utility if you are running macOS or Linux. Windows users can use to create bootable a USB drive of Arch Linux. Also on CIO.com: Once you have the bootable drive ready, go to the BIOS settings of the target system and set it to use BIOS instead of UEFI, then plug in the USB and boot from it.
You will boot into the command line interface or Arch Linux and see the following screen: Swapnil Bhartiya The boot screen of Arch Linux. Swapnil Bhartiya The entire installation will be done in command line. If you are using an Ethernet cable, skip the wireless configuration section and ping Google to check connectivity. If you plan to use wireless then run an 'ip link' command to see if your wireless chip is detected.
On my system the Ethernet displayed as 'enp0s5,' and the wireless displayed as 'wlp58s0.' Let’s connect to the network using the wifi-menu tool (use the name of your wireless device in the command below): wifi-menu wlp58s0 That will open a dialogue box where you can use the arrow keys to select the network you want to connect to. Skip the step where you can name the profile and then enter the password for the network in the next dialog box. Swapnil Bhartiya You can easily connect to the wireless network. Next, you should ping Google to check if it's connected. If you are connected, you will get a positive output: ping -c 3 www.google.com Prepare the hard drive There are many tools for partitioning, but I am using the 'parted' tool for this tutorial. Run the 'lsblk ' command to find the name of the storage devices.
In my case its '/dev/sda.' Now open the 'parted' tool: parted /dev/sda Next, create an MBR partition table: (parted) mklable msdos And then create partitions: (parted) mkpart primary ext4 1MiB 30GiB (parted) set 1 boot on (parted) mkpart primary linux-swap 30GiB 38GiB The first step creates a root partition of 30GB, the second step sets the boot flag on this partition, and the third step creates swap partition of 8GB. I won't be creating a separate home partition, it will be created within root. Since I will also be installing more than one desktop environments on this system, I am allocating 30GB to root.
You can choose as much space as you want for root. Make sure to use the endpoint of step one as the start point in step three. Once the partitioning is finished, exit the 'parted' tool by typing 'quit.' Now check the newly created partitions with 'lsblk' command, to make sure everything is as expected: sda 259:0 0 477G 0 disk -sda1 259:1 0 30G 0 part / └-ada2 259:2 0 8G 0 part SWAP Here 'sda1' is root and 'sda2' is swap.
Now we will format these partitions. I am using the 'ext4' file system for root. # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 Then format the swap partition: # mkswap /dev/sda2 # swapon /dev/sda2 Now mount the root partition: # mount /dev/sda1 /mnt Installation Before we start installation, let's choose the closest mirror for the repositories for the fastest download speed. Open the 'mirrorlist' file with Nano editor: # nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist Use arrow keys to highlight the URL of the desired mirror. Use Alt+6 to copy it and then paste it at the top of the list with Ctrl+U. Then save the file with Ctrl+o and close it with 'Ctrl+x'.
Now we install the base packages: # pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel Once all packages are installed, we will generate the 'fstab' file. This is the file that stores info about the mounted storage devices (the command should be run only once): # genfstab -U /mnt /mnt/etc/fstab Now 'Chroot' into the newly installed system to configure it: # arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash Setting up the boot-loader There are many boot-loaders for Arch Linux, but I am using 'syslinux' instead of grub as it gave me a lot of trouble on the Dell XPS 13. Next, install syslinux: # pacman -S syslinux And then run the following command to create entries for the boot menu: # syslinux-installupdate -i -a -m We need to edit the syslinux config file to use the correct root partition: # nano boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg Scroll down to find the section that lists entries for arch and archfallback. Replace 'sda2' with the root partition of your system. After making those changes, my entries look like these. Swapnil Bhartiya Set the language and time zone We have to now select the default language of the system.
I am using US English. Run the following command: # nano /etc/locale.gen You will see a very long list of languages. Just uncomment the one that you need. I uncommented 'enUS.UTF-8.' Save and close the file and then run the following commands, one by one: # locale-gen # echo LANG=enUS.UTF-8 /etc/locale.conf # export LANG=enUS.UTF-8 Next, we'll configure the time zone.
I live on the U.S. East coast so I am setting New York as my time zone. Run the following command and the follow the steps: # tzselect Now create symlink to the selected time zone: # ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/NewYork /etc/localtime Then set the hardware clock to UTC: # hwclock -systohc -utc Change hostname and create user accounts Let's give our system a decent host name: # echo swapnil /etc/hostname Now create the root password by running the following command: # passwd Once root password is generated, let's create a user for our system. # useradd -m -G wheel,users -s /bin/bash swapnil Then create password for this user: # passwd swapnil Install Gnome and complete installation Technically we have Arch Linux installed, but we still need some work. It's time to choose the desired desktop environment.
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In our previous post, we have covered as that sets it apart from other distros. Today in this post we will cover as how to install the base system. As Arch aims to be a user centric, minimalist distro, we have covered this tutorial in two parts. In part one or this part, you will learn about how to install the basic system. After the base system is setup, you will have a full Linux installation running, but without the GUI or DE.
In part two, we will tell our readers as how to install and configure a graphical interface and a desktop environment to use it for your daily needs. Arch Linux is a lightweight distribution and doesn’t require much state of art hardware to run on. 256 megabytes of RAM will be more than enough for the command line install or a home server. If you plan to also install a graphical desktop environment (which more users would), I suggest you have atleast 512 mB of RAM for some light DEs such as XFCE, LXDE or OpenBox. If you plan to install Gnome and/or KDE, atleast 1 gB of RAM is recommended, though that will be more than enough. I have installed Arch Linux as my primary OS, and it takes 176 mB of RAM with a full fledged Gnome 3 desktop and 260 mB of RAM with servers and a workstation running. Lets get our hands dirty then.
Here I have used a virtual machine with the following configs:. 512 mB of RAM. 2 core processors capped at 80% CPU usage. 10 gB Hard Drive space.
To start your work, you will need a CD installation image of Arch Linux from their page. There you will find two types of images, one is core image, another is net-install image. If you have a fast internet connection that easily gets configured, download the net-install one as it will download the packages from Arch Linux archives and you will have latest versions of packages. If you are on a slow connection or a wireless, use the core image which I prefer and have used here. Here is the that you can use for faster downloading, or if you are from India, head over to.
Burn the image file on a CD or load it up in VirtualBox and boot from it. If you are new to Linux, I highly recommend to install it in a virtual machine before trying out to boot your PC from it.
After booting in, the first screen you will probably see is this. Note that all the info you will need to install will be displayed on screen, so read all the messages carefully before proceeding. AIF Main Installation Screen Select “Select Source” from the menu. The following screen will pop up. Select Source AIF The core-local will contain the base packages needed for a simple Arch Linux installation. The rest, suffixed by remote are repos from remote servers. As we desired to do a offline installation, we wont need them now.
You can select/unselect a repo (selected is denoted by.) by going to it using the arrow key and hitting the space-bar. Once done, go to the next option from the main menu, that is “Set Editor”, i.e. The default text editor to be used to edit configuration files.
I used nano here, if you think you are an expert, go with vi. Arch Linux Prepare Hard Drive As seen in the screenshot, the first option is for Auto Prepare which erases the entire contents in your hard drive (be careful). Next comes manually prepare hard drive that most users will do. So select it, you will be taken into a screen showing number of hard-drives you have. Select the one you want to install Arch to, and you will be taken to a cfdisk program to partition your drive. If you want to install Arch only on a specific partition, say /dev/sda2, you can select it from “other” option in the previous screen and enter the partition name as shown below.
Arch Linux Other Option Once in a cfdisk program, you can create a new partition using “new” option from, below menus and you will be asked to specify a size in bytes. I allocated 4 GB for root partition, 1 GB for swap and rest for home. Use arrow keys up an down to move through partitions, and right and left to move through below options. Once done, hit on write. My partition setup looks like this. Arch Linux cfdisk program Now we have to come to next option, thats manually configure mount-points where we will specify what partition will be used for what.
Select it, select to choose by dev as it will be easier. Next select the partition and its mountpoint and labels (if any) as shown by screenshot s below. Configure mountpoint AIF 1 configure mountpoint AIF 2 configure mountpoint AIF 2 Once done go back to the main menu, we have come to the screen of selecting packages. First you will have an option to select a bootloader, which most people prefer as GRUB. Next you will come to the following screen where you will have to select group of packages.
Select both base and base-devel as sooner or later you will need it by hitting spacebar. Selected packages are shown by. AIF configuration screen Right now, we need to configure three things.
The rc.conf file, the mirror list and the root password. The rc.conf contains the most general settings, so fire it up and go to “hostname”. Configuring hostname arch linux You can give your computer a custom name as I have done, or leave it as it is. Save the file using Control+o and exit using Ctrl+x. Next go to mirrorlist file and uncomment (i.e. Remove # sign before the address) from the server nearest to you, as I have done for India. Uncommnenting mirror arch linux Next, type a root password, and then “done”. Congrats, you have successfully installed a basic version of Arch in your system, but there are more things to follow in our next tutorial, so stay tuned and subscribe to our to get instant updates.
You can either install the bootloader, GRUB as we selected earlier and then exit the install. If you have more than one OS installed, consider reading.
If you have Ubuntu, you will need to login to the system and run update-grub to bring Arch up in GRUB menu at bootup. Do tell us how it went and any problems that you faced, I will be ready to help ? Disclaimer: I have avoided configuration which may confuse you up and may hamper the simplicity of the tutorial.
Advanced configuration will be taken up whenever felt necessary. Nevertheless, Arch will run with simple configurations mentioned above. If however, you feel the urge to know more about configuration files, have a look at resources below.
Arch Linux is one of the most versatile GNU Linux distribution due to its simplicity and cutting age software packages due to its Rolling Release model, Arch Linux is not addressed for beginners in Linux world. It also provides a complicated command line installer, with no Graphical Interface support. The command line installation model makes the job of installing the system very flexible but also very difficult for Linux beginners. On top of all, Arch Linux provides its own software packages repositories via Pacman Package Manager.
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Arch Linux also provides a Multiarch environment for different CPU Architectures, such as 32bit, 64bit and ARM. The software packages, dependencies and security patches are mostly updated on regular basis, making Arch Linux a cutting-age distribution with a few solid tested packages for a production environment.
Arch Linux also maintains AUR – Arch User Repository, which is a huge community driven software repositories mirror. AUR repo mirrors allows users to compile software from sources and install it via Pacman and Yaourt ( Yet Another User Repository Tool) package managers. This tutorial presents a step by step basic Arch Linux installation process through a CD/USB bootable image on UEFI based machines. For other customizations or details visit Official Arch Linux Wiki page.
Requirements. Step 1: Create Disk Partitions Layout 1. First of all go do Arch Linux download page and grab the latest CD image (i.e. Current stable version: 2017.10.01), then plug it into your system CD/USB drive. IMPORTANT STEP! Also make sure your system has an Ethernet plugged in cable with internet connectivity and also an active DHCP server enabled.
After the CD/USB boots up you will be presented with first Arch Linux Installer options. Here, select Arch Linux archiso x8664 UEFI CD and press Enter key to continue. Check Virtual Disks Important to note is that the name convention for Raspberry PI drive storage usually is /dev/mmcblk0 and for some types of hardware RAID cards can be /dev/cciss.
5. On the next step we’ll start to configure the Hard Disk partitions. For this stage you can run cfdisk, cgdisk, or gdisk utilities to perform a disk partition layout for a GPT disk. I strongly recommend using cfdisk for its wizard driven and simplicity in use. For a basic partition layout table use the following structure. EFI System partition ( /dev/sda1) with 300M size, FAT32 formatted. Swap partition ( /dev/sda2) with 2xRAM recommended size, Swap On. Root partition ( /dev/sda3) with at least 20G size or rest of HDD space, ext4 formatted.
Now let’s actually start creating disk layout partition table by running cfdisk command against machine hard drive, select GPT label type, then select Free Space then hit on New from bottom menu, as illustrated in the below screenshots. # cfdisk /dev/sda. Quit Disk Management Console 9. For now, your partition table has been written to HDD GPT but no file system was yet created on top of it. You can also review partition table summary by running. # fdisk -l 10. Now, it’s time to format the partitions with the required file systems. Issue the following commands to create a FAT32 file system for EFI System partition ( /dev/sda), to create the EXT4 file system for the root partition ( /dev/sda3) and create the swap partition for /dev/sda2.
Install Arch Linux Desktop Environment
# mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1 # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3 # mkswap /dev/sda2. Mount Root Partition 12. After the partitions had been made accessible, is time to perform Arch Linux system installation. To increase installation packages download speed you can edit /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist file and select the closest mirror website (usually choose your country server location) on top of mirror file list. # nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist You can also enable Arch Multilib support for the live system by uncommenting the following lines from /etc/pacman.conf file. multilib Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist. Generate fstab File Step 3: Arch Linux System Configuration 15. In order to further configure Arch Linux, you must chroot into /mnt system path and add a hostname for your system by issuing the below commands.
# arch-chroot /mnt # echo 'archbox' /etc/hostname 16. Next, configure your system Language. Choose and uncomment your preferred encoding languages from /etc/locale.gen file then set your locale by running the following commands. # nano /etc/locale.gen locale.gen file excerpt: enUS.UTF-8 UTF-8 enUS ISO-8859-1. Set Arch Linux Language Generate your system language layout.
# locale-gen # echo LANG=enUS.UTF-8 /etc/locale.conf # export LANG=enUS.UTF-8 17. Next step is to configure your system time zone by creating a symlink for your sub time zone ( /usr/share/zoneinfo/Continent/Maincity) to /etc/localtime file path. # ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/ # ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Bucharest /etc/localtime You should also configure hardware clock to use UTC (the hardware clock is usually set to the local time). # hwclock -systohc -utc. Enable Sudo Privileges 24. On the last step, install the Boot Loader in order for Arch to boot up after restart. The default boot loader for Linux distributions and Arch Linux also is represented by the GRUB package. To install the GRUB boot loader in UEFI machines on the first hard-disk and also detect Arch Linux and configure the GRUB boot loader file, run the following commands as illustrated in the following screenshots. # pacman -S grub efibootmgr dosfstools os-prober mtools # mkdir /boot/EFI # mount /dev/sda1 /boot/EFI #Mount FAT32 EFI partition # grub-install -target=x8664-efi -bootloader-id=grubuefi -recheck.
Arch Linux Login 28. You will lose the internet network connection, because no DHCP client is running by default in the system. In order to overcome this problem, issue the following command with root privileges in order to start and enable the DHCP client.
Also, check if the network interface is up and has an IP address allocated by the DHCP server and if the internet connection works as expected. Ping a random domain to test internet connection. $ sudo systemctl start dhcpcd $ sudo systemctl enable dhcpcd # ip a # ping -c2 google.com For now, the Arch Linux system contains only the basic software packages needed to manage the system from Command Line, with no Graphical User Interface.
Due to its high-portability, rolling release cycles, source packages compilation, granular control over installed software and processing speed, Arch Linux resembles in many ways with Gentoo Linux, but cannot rise to Gentoo complex architectural design. However, the process of managing an Arch Linux system is not recommended for Linux beginners. Linux beginners that want to operate an Arch-like Linux system should first learn Arch Linux principles by installing the Manjaro Linux distribution.